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Spironolactone acts on the distal renal tubules as a competitive antagonist of aldosterone. It increases the excretion of sodium chloride and water while conserving potassium and hydrogen ions.

Clonazepam's exact mechanisms not understood; benzodiazepines potentiate the effects of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter.

Exact mechanisms are not understood; acts mainly at subcortical levels of the CNS, leaving the cortex relatively unaffected.

Ranitidine blocks histamine H2-receptors in the stomach and prevents histamine-mediated gastric acid secretion. It does not affect pepsin secretion, pentagastrin-stimulated factor secretion or serum gastrin.

Generic Name: mirtazapine Brand Name: Remeron, Remeron SolTab Other Info: Pregnancy Category C Drug class: Antidepressant (tetracyclic) Indication Relief of symptoms of depression (endogenous depression most responsive) Contraindications and cautions Contraindicated with hypersensitivity to any tricyclic or tetracyclic drug; concomitant therapy with an MAOI; pregnancy (limb reduction abnormalities reported); lactation Use cautiously with ECT; preexisting CV disorders (eg, severe coronary heart disease, progressive CHF, angina pectoris, paroxysmal tachycardia ...

Mechanism of action unknown; TCAs inhibit the reuptake of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin, leading to an increase in their effects; anticholinergicat CNS and peripheral receptors; sedative.

Exact mechanisms of action not understood; main sites of action may be the limbic system and reticular formation; increases the effects of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter; anxiety blocking effects occur at doses well below those necessary to cause sedation, ataxia.

Exact mechanisms of action not understood; main sites of action may be the limbic system and reticular formation; increases the effects of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter; anxiety blocking effects occur at doses well below those necessary to cause sedation, ataxia.