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In June 2012, there were 295 new HIV Ab sero-positive individuals confirmed by the STD/AIDS Cooperative Central Laboratory (SACCL) and reported to the HIV and AIDS Registry. This was 66% higher compared to the same period last year.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the final result of infection with a retrovirus, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV infection is a progressive disease leading to AIDS, as defined by the CDC (January 1994): “persons with CD4 cell count of under 200 (with or without symptoms of opportunistic infection) who are HIV-positive are diagnosed as having AIDS.”

Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for Impaired Breathing Pattern Risk factors may include Muscular impairment (wasting of respiratory musculature), decreased energy/fatigue, decreased lung expansion Retained secretions (tracheobronchial obstruction), infectious/inflammatory process; pain Ventilation perfusion imbalance (PCP/other pneumonias, anemia) Desired Outcomes Maintain effective respiratory pattern. Experience no dyspnea/cyanosis, with breath sounds and chest x-ray clear/improving and ABGs within patient’s normal range. Nursing Interventions Rationale ...

Nursing Diagnosis: Imbalanced Nutrition: Less Than Body Requirements May be related to Inability or altered ability to ingest, digest and/or metabolize nutrients: nausea/vomiting, hyperactive gag reflex, intestinal disturbances, GI tract infections, fatigue Increased metabolic rate/nutritional needs (fever/infection) Possibly evidenced by Weight loss, decreased subcutaneous fat/muscle mass (wasting) Lack of interest in food, aversion to eating, altered taste sensation Abdominal cramping, hyperactive ...

Nursing Diagnosis: Pain, acute/chronic May be related to Tissue inflammation/destruction: infections, internal/external cutaneous lesions, rectal excoriation, malignancies, necrosis Peripheral neuropathies, myalgias, and arthralgias Abdominal cramping Possibly evidenced by Reports of pain Self-focusing; narrowed focus, guarding behaviors Alteration in muscle tone; muscle cramping, ataxia, muscle weakness, paresthesias, paralysis Autonomic responses; restlessness Desired Outcomes Report pain relieved/controlled. Demonstrate relaxed posture/facial expression. Be ...

Nursing Diagnosis: Skin Integrity, impaired, actual and/or risk for Risk factors may include Decreased level of activity/immobility, altered sensation, skeletal prominence, changes in skin turgor Malnutrition, altered metabolic state May be related to (actual) Immunologic deficit: AIDS-related dermatitis; viral, bacterial, and fungal infections (e.g., herpes, Pseudomonas, Candida); opportunistic disease processes (e.g., KS) Excretions/secretions Possibly evidenced by Skin lesions; ulcerations; decubitus ...

Nursing Diagnosis: Oral Mucous Membrane, impaired May be related to Immunologic deficit and presence of lesion-causing pathogens, e.g., Candida, herpes, KS Dehydration, malnutrition Ineffective oral hygiene Side effects of drugs, chemotherapy Possibly evidenced by Open ulcerated lesions, vesicles Oral pain/discomfort Stomatitis; leukoplakia, gingivitis, carious teeth Desired Outcomes Display intact mucous membranes, which are pink, moist, and free of inflammation/ulcerations. Demonstrate ...

Nursing Diagnosis: Fatigue May be related to Decreased metabolic energy production, increased energy requirements (hypermetabolic state) Overwhelming psychological/emotional demands Altered body chemistry: side effects of medication, chemotherapy Possibly evidenced by Unremitting/overwhelming lack of energy, inability to maintain usual routines, decreased performance, impaired ability to concentrate, lethargy/listlessness Disinterest in surroundings Desired Outcomes Report improved sense of energy. Perform ADLs, with assistance ...