Generic Name:

Brand Name: Pontocaine

Action: Anesthetics

Indication: Provides brief local anesthetics.

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, low plasma cholinesterase concentrations, complete heart block, pyrogenic infection

Stock Dose: 1 ampule

Side Effects: restlessness, paresthesia, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, muscle twitching, numbness of the tongue and perioral region, light headedness, respiratory failure, coma, hypotension, bradycardia, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest

Nursing Intervention:

• Monitor ECG, blood pressure and respiratory status frequently.
• Assess degree of numbness of the affected part.
• IM injections are recommended if ECG monitoring is not available.
• Explain the purpose of the medication.
• Notify HCP if adverse reaction occurs.

Tetracaine HCl (Pontocaine) Drug Study Original source at: Nurseslabs

GENERIC NAME: Bupivacaine HCL

BRAND NAME: Sensorcaine, Marcaine

GENERAL CLASSIFICATION: amide type local anaesthetic

Indications of Bupivacaine

• For the production of local or regional anesthesia or analgesia for surgery, for oral surgery procedures, for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and for obstetrical procedures.

Contraindications of Bupivacaine

Sensorcaine (bupivacaine HCl) is contraindicated in obstetrical paracervical block anesthesia. Its use by this technique has resulted in fetal bradycardia and death.

Sensorcaine is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to it or to any local anesthetic agent of the amide type or to other components of bupivacaine solutions.

Side-Effects of Bupivacaine

• Mild dizziness or drowsiness.
• Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); blurred vision; changes in hearing; chest pain; excitement; irregular heartbeat; nausea; numbness that lasts for more than a few hours; restlessness; ringing in the ears; seizures; severe dizziness or drowsiness; tremors; vomiting.

Nursing Considerations of Bupivacaine

1. When appropriate, patients should be informed in advance that they may experience temporary loss of sensation and motor activity, usually in the lower half of the body following proper administration of caudal or lumbar epidural anesthesia. Also, when appropriate, the physician should discuss other information including adverse reactions in the Sensorcaine package insert.
2. Inform the patient before using this medication, to tell his/her doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and nonprescription/herbal products he/she may use. Do not start or stop any medicine without doctor or pharmacist approval.

Bupivacaine HCl Drug Study Original source at: Nurseslabs

Generic name: Isoflurane

Brand Name:  Forane, Terrell

General action: Anesthetic

Indications of Isoflurane

Isoflurane, USP may be used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. Adequate data have not been developed to establish its application in obstetrical anesthesia.

Adverse  effects of Isoflurane

Shivering, nausea, vomiting and ileus have been observed in the postoperative period. Resp depression, hypotension, arrhythmias, malignant hyperthermia.

Contraindications of Isoflurane

Known sensitivity to Isoflurane, USP or to other halogenated agents. Known or suspected genetic susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia.

Dosages

Inhalation induction: initial 0.5 % v/v with oxygen or oxygen and nitrous oxide, increase to 1.5- 3 % v/v.

Maintenance

1-2.5% v/v with oxygen only.

Nursing responsibilities of Isoflurane

• Used with caution in patients with coronary artery disease
• Monitor blood pressure and temperature to detect residual hypotension and the possibility of malignant hyperthermia.
• Must be given with a licensed anesthesiologist
• Emergency kit must be made available

Isoflurane Drug Study Original source at: Nurseslabs