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All respiratory diseases characterized by chronic obstruction to airflow fall under the broad classification of COPD, also known as chronic airflow limitations (CAL). COPD is a condition of chronic dyspnea with expiratory airflow limitation that does not significantly fluctuate. Here are 5 Nursing Care Plans for COPD

NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Nutrition: imbalanced, less than body requirements May be related to Dyspnea; sputum production Medication side effects; anorexia, nausea/vomiting Fatigue Possibly evidenced by Weight loss; loss of muscle mass, poor muscle tone Reported altered taste sensation; aversion to eating, lack of interest in food Desired Outcomes Nutritional Status (NOC) Display progressive weight gain toward goal as appropriate. Demonstrate behaviors/lifestyle ...

NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Impaired Gas Exchange May be related to Altered oxygen supply (obstruction of airways by secretions, bronchospasm; air-trapping) Alveoli destruction Possibly evidenced by Dyspnea Confusion, restlessness Inability to move secretions Abnormal ABG values (hypoxia and hypercapnia) Changes in vital signs Reduced tolerance for activity Desired Outcomes Demonstrate improved ventilation and adequate oxygenation of tissues by ABGs within patient’s normal ...

NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Ineffective Airway Clearance May be related to Bronchospasm Increased production of secretions; retained secretions; thick, viscous secretions Decreased energy/fatigue Possibly evidenced by Statement of difficulty breathing Changes in depth/rate of respirations, use of accessory muscles Abnormal breath sounds, e.g., wheezes, rhonchi, crackles Cough (persistent), with/without sputum production Desired Outcomes Maintain patent airway with breath sounds clear/clearing. Demonstrate behaviors ...

NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Risk for Infection Risk factors may include Inadequate primary defenses (decreased ciliary action, stasis of secretions) Inadequate acquired immunity (tissue destruction, increased environmental exposure) Chronic disease process Malnutrition Desired Outcomes Knowledge: Infection Control (NOC) Verbalize understanding of individual causative/risk factors. Identify interventions to prevent/reduce risk of infection. Demonstrate techniques, lifestyle changes to promote safe environment. 5 Chronic Obstructive ...

NURSING DIAGNOSIS:  Knowledge Deficit May be related to Lack of information/unfamiliarity with information resources Information misinterpretation Lack of recall/cognitive limitation Possibly evidenced by Request for information Statement of concerns/misconception Inaccurate follow-through of instructions Development of preventable complications Desired Outcomes Knowledge: Illness Care (NOC) Verbalize understanding of condition/disease process and treatment. Identify relationship of current signs/symptoms to the disease process and ...

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the air passages within the lungs. It occurs when the trachea (windpipe) and the large and small bronchi (airways) within the lungs become inflamed because of infection or other causes. Bronchitis is one of the disease condition (together with asthma) that defines COPD or chronic obstruct pulmonary disease. They are also known as blue bloaters since lack of oxygen can cause cyanosis in patients with bronchitis.

Emphysema is an abnormal, irreversible enlargement of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles due to destruction of alveolar walls, resulting in decreased elastic recoil properties of lungs.