CAD is the most common type of heart disease. Lifestyle changes, medicines, and/or medical procedures can effectively prevent or treat CAD in most people. Other names for Coronary Artery Disease are Atherosclerosis, Coronary heart disease, Hardening of the arteries, Heart disease, Ischemic heart disease, and Narrowing of the arteries.

1 Decreased Cardiac Output

Cad causes narrowing of blood vessels. This condition leads to intense pressure exerted on the walls of the blood vessels. The body’s compensatory mechanism is to increase the work load of the heart and thus the patient has decreased cardiac output.

5 Coronary Artery Disease Nursing Care Plans Original source at: Nurseslabs

Because heart failure causes vascular congestion, it is often called congestive heart failure, although most cardiac specialist no longer use this term. Other terms used to denote heart failure include chronic heart failure, cardiac decompensation, cardiac insufficiency and ventricular failure (Joyce M. Black, 2008).

1. Decreased Cardiac Output

The heart fails to pump enough blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body. The blood flow that supplies the heart is also decreased thus decrease in cardiac output occurs, blood then is insufficient and making it difficult to circulate the blood to all parts of the body thus may cause altered heart rate and rhythm, weakness and paleness

10 Congestive Heart Failure Nursing Care Plans Original source at: Nurseslabs

Here you view 4 Diabetes Mellitus Nursing Care Plans

1. Deficient Fluid Volume

Glucose appears in the urine (glycosuria) because the kidney excretes the excess glucose to make the blood glucose level normal. Glucose excreted in the urine acts as osmotic diuretic and causes excretion of increased amount of water, resulting in fluid volume deficit or polyuria.

4 Diabetes Mellitus Nursing Care Plans Original source at: Nurseslabs

Bronchial asthma

What do you think is the nursing goal for patient’s with bronchial asthma, and what is that one-most nursing diagnosis that pops to your head when you hear asthma?

This post contains 5 bronchial asthma nursing care plans. 

1 Ineffective Airway Clearance

The presence of a foreign microorganism triggers the B lymphocyte to produce antibodies that are specific to that antigen. These antibodies then attach to mast cells in the lungs. The mast cells with the antibody attaches to the antigen and begins to degranulate. This degranulation causes the release of certain chemical mediators, namely, histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandin, and leukotriene. These chemical mediators cause bronchospasm leading to bronchoconstriction, increased vascular permeability leading to fluid leakage from the lung vasculature and increased mucus production. These lead to swelling of the bronchi, mucus buildup that plugs the airway and decreased bronchial diameter. This causes an increased airway resistance and a constricted pathway for air. Air cannot pass effectively and this manifests as a whistling sound. Coughing is a way to expel the obstruction (mucus plug) while dyspnea is a manifestation of the increased airway resistance.

Asthma- Ineffective- Airway- Clearance

5 Bronchial Asthma Nursing Care Plans Original source at: Nurseslabs

Being a nurse, we are prone in bending our backs, flexing our legs and arms. Because of this we are at risk for developing physical strain, back injuries or fractures. A way to prevent these kind of scenario is to practice proper body mechanics.

Body mechanics is a broad term used to denote an effort coordinated by the muscles, bones and nervous system. It can either be good or bad and can be directly related to the occurrence of back pains.

These are different rules that apply when you transfer or move your patients to protect your back:

• Keep the lower portion of your back in its normal position at all times.
• Move as close to the patient’s bed as you can.
• Don’t twist your body. Always do a side step or a pivot.
• Set your feet into a comfortable and solid wide base of support when lifting.
• Keep you abdominal muscles contracted, bow slightly using the hips and squat.
• Keep the head upright and hold your shoulders up.
• Pushing up from the knees and using your own momentum would help you lift the patient.

What exactly are body mechanics and why are they important?
The reason for using proper body mechanics is mainly to avoid:

• Musculoskeletal strain
• Injuries to members of the staff
• Injury to the client
• Fatigue

Here are the different principles to be a nurse with proper body mechanics:

Maintain a stable center of gravity to evenly distribute your body weight

1. Keep your center of gravity low.
2. Greater balance is met with a low center of gravity.
3. Flex your knees and keep your body straight rather than bending.

Maintain a wide base of support

1. Having a wide base of support gives your body more stability.
2. Spread your feet apart to a reasonable distance.
3. Flex your knees to move the center of gravity closer to the base of support.

Maintain Proper body alignment

1. Body alignment refers to the way the joints, tendons, ligaments and muscles are arranged when initiating a position.
2. A line of gravity passing through your base of support maintains your balance.
3. Equal activity balance in upper and lower parts of the body would reduce your risks of having back injury.
4. When your stronger muscle group are involved, greater amount of work can be safely done.
5. Keep the back upright when performing interventions.

Here are some guidelines into how to properly move clients and other objects on the work area using proper body mechanics:

Pushing

Using these guidelines, you can prevent having any work injuries related to lifting or transferring your patients. Although it’s not that impossible not to have injuries that’s why it is always important that you ask for help or supervision when doing these tasks.

Proper Body Mechanics for Nurses Original source at: Nurseslabs

View the surgical procedure for TAHBSO

Post-operative nursing care for patients who underwent TAHBSO would include:

1. Determines patient’s immediate response to surgical intervention.
2. Monitor patient’s physiologic status.
3. Assess patient’s pain level and administers appropriate pain relief measures.
4. Maintains patient’s safety(airway, circulation, prevention of injury)
5. Administer medication, fluid and blood component therapy, if prescribed.
6. Assess patient’s readiness for transfer to in hospital unit or for discharge home based on institutional policy.

This post includes several nursing care plans for post-TAHBSO patients.

1 Acute Pain

Due to surgical procedure done that needs a surgical incision there will be presence of trauma in the area that signals an actual tissue damage and inflammation, this damage will cause an inflammation of the nerves when the nerves are affected, there will be the presence of pain.

8 TAHBSO Nursing Care Plans Original source at: Nurseslabs