Definition Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by hyper-responsiveness, mucosal edema, and mucus production. This inflammation ultimately leads to recurrent episodes of asthma symptoms: cough, chest tightness, wheezing, and dyspnea. Patients with asthma may experience symptom-free periods alternating with acute exacerbations that last from minutes to hours or days. Asthma, the most common chronic disease of childhood, can begin at any [...]

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening lung condition. It is a form of breathing failure that can occur in very ill or severely injured people.

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the air passages within the lungs. It occurs when the trachea (windpipe) and the large and small bronchi (airways) within the lungs become inflamed because of infection or other causes. Bronchitis is one of the disease condition (together with asthma) that defines COPD or chronic obstruct pulmonary disease. They are also known as blue bloaters since lack of oxygen can cause cyanosis in patients with bronchitis.

Pneumonia is an inflammatory illness of the lung. It is often described as lung parenchyma or alveolar inflammation leading to abnormal alveolar filling with fluid. Pneumonia can result from a variety of causes, including infection with microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, and chemical or physical injury to the lungs. Predisposing and Precipitating Factors Modifiable and Non-modifiable Factors Poor [...]

Tuberculosis is an acute or chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it is characterized by pulmonary infiltrates, formation of granulomas with caseation, fibrosis and cavitation.

Emphysema is an abnormal, irreversible enlargement of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles due to destruction of alveolar walls, resulting in decreased elastic recoil properties of lungs.

A collapsed lung, or pneumothorax, is the collection of air in the space around the lungs. This buildup of air puts pressure on the lung, so it cannot expand as much as it normally.

Chronic Obstructive Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi (chronic obstructive bronchitis) causes increase mucus production and chronic cough.