Notes

Human hookworm disease is a common helminth infection that is predominantly caused by the nematode parasites Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale; organisms that play a lesser role include Ancylostoma ceylonicum, Ancylostoma braziliense, and Ancylostoma caninum.

Ascariasis predominates in areas of poor sanitation and is associated with malnutrition, iron-deficiency anemia, and impairments of growth and cognition.

In this guide, we will teach you the eight (8) steps on how to interpret and analyze arterial blood gas (ABG) results using the tic-tac-toe method.

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is inadequate thyroid hormone production in newborn infants.

A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain. It can cause changes in behavior, movements or feelings, and in levels of consciousness.

Strabismus is the inward deviation of the eyes noted before the patient reaches age 6 months. It is associated with maldevelopment of stereopsis, motion processing, and eye movements.

Colonoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that utilizes a flexible fiberoptic colonoscope inserted into the rectum to allow visual examination of the large intestine (colon) lining

Lumbar puncture, also known as spinal tap, is an invasive procedure where a hollow needle is inserted into the space surrounding the subarachnoid space in the lower back to obtain samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for qualitative analysis.

In pediatric gastroesophageal reflux, immaturity of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) function is manifested by frequent transient lower esophageal relaxations (tLESRs), which result in the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the esophagus.

Bronchoscopy is an invasive procedure that permits the direct examination of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi using either a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope or a rigid metal bronchoscope.