Notes

Hydrocele is a collection of peritoneal fluid that accumulates in the scrotum through a small passage called the processus vaginalis.

Intussusception is a process in which a segment of intestine invaginates into the adjoining intestinal lumen, causing bowel obstruction.

Lead is a ubiquitous and versatile metal; it has been extensively used since ancient times, and the history of public exposure to lead in food and drink is extensive.

Cryptorchidism is a condition present at birth in which one or both testes fail to descend through the inguinal canal into the scrotal sac.

Galactosemia is a recessive hereditary metabolic disorder in which the enzyme necessary to convert galactose into glucose is missing.

The term thalassemia is applied to a variety of inherited blood disorders characterized by deficiencies in the rate of production of specific globin chains in hemoglobin.

Phenylketonuria (PKU), less commonly known as phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency, is the most common inborn error of amino acid metabolism.

Acute nasopharyngitis is caused by any number of different viruses, usually rhinoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, influenza virus, or parainfluenza virus.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes infections of the lungs and respiratory tract. Infection with respiratory syncytial virus which manifests primarily as bronchiolitis or viral pneumonia, is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in infants and young children.

Down Syndrome is primarily caused by trisomy of chromosome 21, which gives rise to multiple systemic complications as part of the syndrome.