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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
A 48-year-old male patient with a history of uncontrolled hypertension and chronic smoking presents to the emergency room with acute abdominal pain and vomiting for the last 48 hours. An abdominal CT scan reveals a focal thickening of a segment of the small bowel. The consulting gastroenterologist believes that the patient might have an ischemic bowel. As part of the teaching rounds, the gastroenterology nurse educator, interested in ensuring that the nurses can understand the pathology at hand, quizzes them about the anatomical structure of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Given the relevance of understanding the layered architecture of the GI tract in order to appreciate the intricacies of diseases like bowel ischemia, which of the following layers, integral to the structure of the digestive tract, should the instructor ask students to identify as NOT one of the four primary tunics?
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Question 2 of 10
2. Question
A 64-year-old female patient, post 3 weeks from a left hemispheric ischemic stroke, is admitted to the rehabilitation unit. She has made significant improvements in her motor functions but continues to face challenges with eating and speaking. The speech therapist identified dysphagia, and the patient was kept on a modified diet. During the interdisciplinary rounds, the nursing educator, emphasizing the intricate functions of the oral cavity, presents a didactic moment for the nursing interns. Given the patient’s challenges post-stroke, the nurse quizzes them on the various functions associated with the tongue. In the context of this patient’s clinical presentation and the fundamental role of the tongue in maintaining oral functions, which of the following functions should the nurse ask the students to identify as associated with the tongue? Select all that apply.
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Question 3 of 10
3. Question
A 32-year-old male patient presents to a dental clinic for a routine check-up after several years of neglecting his oral health. The dental hygienist notes that, despite some plaque and minor gum inflammation, the patient seems to have all his permanent teeth, with none missing or extracted. Given the patient’s age and dental history, the instructor uses this clinical scenario as an opportunity to gauge the students’ knowledge about the normal distribution of permanent teeth in each quadrant of an adult mouth. Reflecting on the oral anatomy of this patient, and considering the standard distribution of adult teeth, the instructor poses the question: Each quadrant of the adult mouth typically holds how many permanent ___ incisors, ___ canines, ___ premolars, and ___ molars?
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Question 4 of 10
4. Question
A 54-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital with severe swelling and pain on the right side of her face, just anterior to her ear. She reports a recent history of a sour taste in her mouth and difficulty with chewing. Preliminary investigations suggest a blockage in one of her salivary ducts, leading to sialadenitis, an inflammation of the salivary gland. This clinical case offers a prime opportunity for the nurse to underscore the role and locations of different salivary glands. To ascertain the student’s understanding, the nurse formulates a question about the salivary glands. Considering the patient’s clinical presentation and the need to determine which salivary gland might be affected, which of the following options should the nurse inquire about as NOT representing a pair of salivary glands?
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Question 5 of 10
5. Question
A 62-year-old male patient presents to the outpatient clinic complaining of persistent heartburn and difficulty swallowing. After a detailed history and physical examination, the gastroenterologist suspects the patient might have esophageal motility disorders and possible gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). As the physician discusses the potential need for an endoscopic evaluation of the esophagus, a group of medical interns observes the consultation. Seeing this as a learning opportunity, the instructor subsequently quizzes the students about the anatomy and function of the esophagus. Given the patient’s potential esophageal complications and the importance of understanding esophageal anatomy and physiology, which of the following statements about the esophagus should the instructor ask students to identify as TRUE? Select all that apply.
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Question 6 of 10
6. Question
A 50-year-old female patient is admitted to the hospital with recurrent episodes of upper abdominal pain and nausea. Upon evaluation, the gastroenterologist finds out that the pain is localized to the epigastric region and suspects gastritis or a peptic ulcer. To get a clearer picture, an endoscopic examination of the stomach is scheduled. The patient inquires about the areas of the stomach that will be inspected, and the medical team discusses the different regions of the stomach. Seizing this as an instructive moment, the nursing instructor asks the students a related question. In light of the patient’s upcoming endoscopic evaluation and the discussion of stomach anatomy, which of the following options should the instructor ask students to identify as NOT correctly matched with its description regarding stomach structures?
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Question 7 of 10
7. Question
A 25-year-old female patient arrives at the clinic, complaining of persistent dry mouth over the past few months. She explains that her symptoms have intensified to the point where swallowing and talking have become uncomfortable. Concerned about her oral health, she also mentions that she has noticed increased dental plaque accumulation and has developed several cavities recently. Given her symptoms, the physician suspects she might have xerostomia, a condition characterized by decreased saliva production. This case presents an excellent opportunity for the instructor to delve into the composition and roles of saliva in oral and digestive health. Reflecting on the patient’s condition and the importance of saliva in the oral cavity, which of the following substances should the instructor ask students to identify as NOT typically found in saliva?
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Question 8 of 10
8. Question
A 38-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department with abdominal pain and vomiting. He mentions he had consumed a large meal of steak and potatoes a few hours earlier. After ruling out other causes, the physician diagnoses him with indigestion due to overeating, emphasizing that the digestive system can be overwhelmed if too much food is ingested at once. This situation allows the instructor to highlight the importance of the mechanical breakdown of food to ensure effective digestion and nutrient absorption. To test the student’s grasp of the topic, the instructor presents a question. Reflecting on the patient’s overindulgence and the importance of initial food breakdown, which of the following statements should the instructor ask students to identify as BEST describing mechanical digestion? Select all that apply.
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Question 9 of 10
9. Question
A 65-year-old male patient with a history of chronic gastritis visits his gastroenterologist for a routine check-up. He describes a new onset of early satiety, even when he’s just about to start eating, and expresses concerns about reduced food intake. The gastroenterologist suspects a possible disruption in the regulatory mechanisms of gastric secretion. She takes this as an opportunity to educate the patient about the phases of gastric secretion. The medical students accompanying her during the rounds are then posed with a related question to assess their understanding. Given the patient’s complaints and the discussion on gastric secretion regulation, during which phase of gastric secretion does the greatest volume of gastric secretion typically occur in response to the anticipation and consumption of a meal?
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Question 10 of 10
10. Question
A 44-year-old female patient presents to the clinic with recurring abdominal pain, bloating, and frequent episodes of acid reflux. After several diagnostic tests, the gastroenterologist identifies the presence of a gastrinoma, a rare tumor that secretes excessive amounts of the hormone gastrin. This excessive gastrin secretion stimulates the stomach to produce too much acid, leading to Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, a condition marked by peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The medical students present during the consultation are then posed with a related question to fortify their understanding of gastric hormones. Keeping in mind the patient’s diagnosis and the role of gastrin in gastric acid production, which type of cells should the instructor ask the students to identify as responsible for producing gastrin?
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