Rosiglitazone is a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agent which improves insulin sensitivity by lowering blood glucose level without increasing pancreatic insulin secretion. It is dependent on the presence of insulin. Rosiglitazone is a potent agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, which in turn regulates the transcription of insulin-responsive genes involved in the control of glucose production, transport and utilization.

Sucralfate protects GI lining against peptic acid, pepsin and bile salts by binding with positively-charged proteins in exudates forming a viscous paste-like adhesive substance thus forming a protective coating.

Propranolol competitively blocks β1- and β2-receptors resulting to decreased heart rate myocardial contractility, BP and myocardial oxygen demand. It only possesses membrane-stabilising properties.

Spironolactone acts on the distal renal tubules as a competitive antagonist of aldosterone. It increases the excretion of sodium chloride and water while conserving potassium and hydrogen ions.

Generic Name : zafirlukast Brand Name: Accolate Classification: Antasthmatic, Leukotriene receptor antagonist Pregnancy Category B Dosage & Route Available forms : Tablet—10, 20 mg ADULTS AND CHILDREN > 12 YR 20 mg PO bid on an empty stomach. PEDIATRIC PATIENTS 5–11 YR 10 mg PO bid on an empty stomach. Therapeutic actions Zafirlukast selectively antagonizes the leukotriene D4 receptor. It [...]

Warfarin inhibits synthesis of vit K-dependent coagulation factors VII, IX, X and II and anticoagulant protein C and its cofactor protein S. No effects on established thrombus but further extension of the clot can be prevented. Secondary embolic phenomena are avoided.

Generic Name : verapamil hydrochloride Brand Name: Apo-Verapamil (CAN), Calan, Calan SR, Covera-HS, Gen-Verapamil (CAN), Gen-Verapamil SR (CAN), Isoptin SR, Novo-Verapamil SR (CAN), Nu-Verap (CAN), Verelan, Verelan PM Classification: Calcium channel-blocker, Antianginal, Antiarrhythmic, Antihypertensive Pregnancy Category C Dosage & Route ADULTS Oral Immediate release Angina: 80 mg q 6–8 hr; may increase by 80 mg at weekly intervals until control [...]

Tramadol inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin and enhances serotonin release. It alters perception and response to pain by binding to mu-opiate receptors in the CNS.