Chest Physiotherapy (CPT) is a therapeutic approach used in nursing care to enhance respiratory function by mobilizing secretions, promoting lung expansion, and clearing airways. CPT is particularly beneficial for patients with respiratory conditions that impair natural airway clearance, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, or cystic fibrosis. By mobilizing secretions using various techniques, … Read more

Suctioning involves mechanically removing lung secretions in patients with artificial airways, such as endotracheal or tracheostomy tubes. In healthy individuals, natural mechanisms like ciliated cells, immune defenses, and the cough reflex help clear the airways of debris and pathogens. However, critically ill patients often lose these protective functions, leading to excessive mucus that becomes hard … Read more

Perineal care, or pericare, involves cleaning a patient’s genital and anal areas, essential for those who are immobile or recovering. It helps maintain skin health, prevent infections, and provide comfort. Nurses should perform pericare with sensitivity and proper technique to meet both physical and emotional needs. This guide covers its definition, purpose, assessment, procedures for … Read more

Monitoring dietary intake in nursing is a fundamental part of patient care that supports nutritional health and recovery. Proper dietary intake ensures that patients receive the necessary nutrients to sustain bodily functions, promote wound healing, maintain immune function, and improve overall health outcomes. Nurses play a vital role in monitoring and managing dietary intake, particularly … Read more

Keeping track of a patient’s fluid intake and output is one of those fundamental practices that truly makes a difference in their care. As nurses, we know how quickly a fluid imbalance—too much or too little—can throw off a patient’s stability especially for critical patients. By carefully recording every bit of fluid a patient takes … Read more

Local complications such as hematoma, thrombosis, phlebitis, thrombophlebitis, infiltration, and extravasation are frequently associated with peripheral IV catheters.