Congenital Disorders

Congenital Hypothyroidism

Congenital hypothyroidism is a critical and relatively common endocrine disorder that affects newborns, resulting from an underactive thyroid gland since birth. This condition occurs when the thyroid gland fails to produce an adequate amount of thyroid hormones, essential for normal growth and development.

Pediatric Nursing

Hirschsprung Disease (Aganglionic Megacolon)

Congenital aganglionic megacolon, also called Hirschsprung disease, is characterized by persistent constipation resulting from partial or complete intestinal obstruction of mechanical origin.

Pediatric Nursing

Spina Bifida

Spina bifida is part of a group of birth defects called neural tube defects.

Medical-Surgical Nursing

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

The ductus arteriosus is a fetal blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. In patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), the lumen of the ductus remains open after birth.