Disorders of the Hematologic System

Cystoscopy Diagnostic Procedure and Nursing Responsibilities

Cystoscopy

Cystoscopy is a procedure that allows direct visualization of the urethra, urinary bladder, and ureteral orifices through the transurethral insertion of a cystoscope into the bladder.

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Iron deficiency anemia occurs when the body lacks sufficient iron to produce an adequate amount of hemoglobin, the protein responsible for carrying oxygen in red blood cells. Iron deficiency anemia can lead to fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and other symptoms that affect the individual's daily functioning and overall quality of life.

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP), is a complex hematologic disorder that is characterized by a decrease in platelet count due to the immune system mistakenly attacking and destroying platelets. This can lead to a heightened risk of bleeding and purpura, or small red or purple spots on the skin, mucous membranes, or organs.

Hemophilia

Hemophilia results from mutations at the factor VIII or IX loci on the X chromosome and each occurs in mild, moderate, and severe forms.

Thalassemia

The term thalassemia is applied to a variety of inherited blood disorders characterized by deficiencies in the rate of production of specific globin chains in hemoglobin.

Acute Glomerulonephritis

Acute glomerulonephritis (GN) comprises a specific set of renal diseases in which an immunologic mechanism triggers inflammation and proliferation of glomerular tissue that can result in damage to the basement membrane, mesangium, or capillary endothelium.