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Intravenous Solutions are used in fluid replacement therapy by changing the composition of the serum by adding fluids and electrolytes.
Listed below is a table which may serve as your quick reference guide on the different intravenous solutions.
Type | Description | Osmolality | Use | Miscellaneous |
Normal Saline (NS) | 0.9% NaCl in WaterCrystalloid Solution | Isotonic (308 mOsm) | Increases circulating plasma volume when red cells are adequate |
|
1/2 Normal Saline (1/2 NS) | 0.45% NaCl in WaterCrystalloid Solution | Hypotonic (154 mOsm) | Raises total fluid volume |
|
Lactated Ringer’s (LR) | Normal saline with electrolytes and buffer | Isotonic (275 mOsm) | Replaces fluid and buffers pH |
|
| Dextrose 5% in water Crystalloid solution | Isotonic (in the bag) *Physiologically hypotonic (260 mOsm) | Raises total fluid volume.Helpful in rehydrating and excretory purposes. |
| |
D5NS | Dextrose 5% in 0.9% saline | Hypertonic (560 mOsm) | Replaces fluid sodium, chloride, and calories. |
|
D5 1/2 NS | Dextrose 5% in 0.45% saline | Hypertonic (406 mOsm) | Useful for daily maintenance of body fluids and nutrition, and for rehydration. |
|
| Dextrose 5% in Lactated Ringer’s | Hypertonic (575 mOsm) | Same as LR plus provides about 180 calories per 1000cc’s. |
| |
Normosol-R | Normosol | Isotonic (295 mOsm) | Replaces fluid and buffers pH |
|
IV Fluid/Solution Quick Reference Guide [Cheat Sheet]
IV Solution Cheat Sheet
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