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4 Otitis Media Nursing Care Plans

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By Paul Martin, BSN, R.N.
4 Otitis Media Nursing Care Plans
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Otitis Media (OM) is an infection of the middle ear (the space behind the eardrum) caused by bacteria or virus. It is the most common in infants and toddlers during the winter months. Inflammatory obstruction of the eustachian tube causes accumulation of secretions in the middle ear and negative pressure from lack of ventilation. The negative pressure pulls fluid and microorganisms into the middle ear through the eustachian tube resulting in otitis media with effusion. The illness usually follows a URI or cold. The older child runs a fever, is irritable, and complains of a severe earache, while a neonate may be afebrile and appear lethargic. The child may or may not have a purulent discharge from the affected ear.

Myringotomy is a surgical procedure performed by inserting tubes through the tympanic membrane to equalize the pressure inside. The tympanostomy tubes remain in place until they spontaneously fall out. Most children outgrow the tendency for OM by the age of 6. There is a higher incidence in children exposed to passive tobacco smoke and a decreased incidence in breast-fed infants.

Nursing Care Plans

The goal of nursing care to a child with otitis media include relief from pain, improved hearing and communication, avoidance of re-infection, and increased knowledge about the disease condition and its management.

Here are four (4) nursing care plans (NCP) and nursing diagnosis (NDx) for otitis media:

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  1. Acute Pain
  2. Disturbed Sensory Perception: Auditory
  3. Deficient Knowledge
  4. Risk for Infection

1. Acute Pain

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Acute Pain

Nursing Diagnosis

May be related to

  • Inflammation and increased pressure in the middle ear

Possibly evidenced by

  • Child verbalizes “my ear hurts”
  • Crying episodes
  • Infant is pulling at ear
  • Rate pain on an appropriate pain scale for age and development

Desired Outcomes

  • Child will experience relief from pain as evidenced by sleeping through the night, not pulling the ear and decrease crying episodes.
Nursing InterventionsRationale
Assess client’s description and frequency of pain; Use a pain rating scale. Observe if the infant is tugging or rubbing an ear.Pain scale measures the changes in the level of pain by different providers.  Preverbal infants vigorously pull
or rub the affected ear, roll the head and appear irritable.
Monitor and record vital signs closely.A normal response to pain is an increase in respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure; fever may cause discomfort.
Encourage and assist the parent to hold and comfort the client.Promotes physical comfort and distraction for a child experiencing illness.
Encourage the mother to provide and offer liquid to soft foods.Movement of the eustachian tube, such as with chewing, may further aggravate the pain.
Administer pain medication such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen as prescribed.Analgesic such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen alter response to pain.
Monitor child for relief of pain and any side effects of medication.Provides information about the effectiveness of the medication and prevents untoward effects.
Have the child sit up, put pillows behind the head, or lie on the unaffected ear.Elevation promotes drainage and reduces pressure from fluid.
Reassure parents that the discomfort
usually subsides within a day on antibiotics but reinstruct the importance of compliance with the whole prescription.		Parents may be concerned about their child’s pain but may not know to continue the antibiotic after symptoms subside.
Instruct the use of a warm heating pad or an ice pack application. Advise parents to turn the heating pad on low and cover it with a towel to ensure safety.Heat promotes vasodilation thus reduces discomfort; Cold compress may decrease edema and pain.
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1. Acute Pain

Recommended Resources

Recommended nursing diagnosis and nursing care plan books and resources.

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NANDA International Nursing Diagnoses: Definitions & Classification, 2021-2023
The definitive guide to nursing diagnoses as reviewed and approved by the NANDA International. In this new version of a pioneering text, all introductory chapters have been rewritten to provide nurses with the essential information they need to comprehend assessment, its relationship to diagnosis and clinical reasoning, and the purpose and application of taxonomic organization at the bedside. A total of 46 new nursing diagnoses and 67 amended nursing diagnostics are presented.

Ackley and Ladwig’s Nursing Diagnosis Handbook: An Evidence-Based Guide to Planning Care
We love this book because of it’s evidence-based approach to nursing interventions. This care plan handbook uses an easy, three-step system to guide you through client assessment, nursing diagnosis, and care planning. Includes step-by-step instructions show how to implement care and evaluate outcomes, and help you build skills in diagnostic reasoning and critical thinking.

Nursing Care Plans – Nursing Diagnosis & Intervention (10th Edition)
Includes over two hundred care plans that reflect the most recent evidence-based guidelines. New to this edition are ICNP diagnoses, care plans on LGBTQ health issues and on electrolytes and acid-base balance.

Nurse’s Pocket Guide: Diagnoses, Prioritized Interventions, and Rationales
Quick-reference tool includes all you need to identify the correct diagnoses for efficient patient care planning. The sixteenth edition includes the most recent nursing diagnoses and interventions from NANDA-I 2021-2023 and an alphabetized listing of nursing diagnoses covering more than 400 disorders.

Nursing Diagnosis Manual: Planning, Individualizing, and Documenting Client Care 
Identify interventions to plan, individualize, and document care for more than 800 diseases and disorders. Only in the Nursing Diagnosis Manual will you find for each diagnosis…. subjectively and objectively – sample clinical applications, prioritized action/interventions with rationales – a documentation section, and much more!

All-in-One Nursing Care Planning Resource – E-Book: Medical-Surgical, Pediatric, Maternity, and Psychiatric-Mental Health 
Includes over 100 care plans for medical-surgical, maternity/OB, pediatrics, and psychiatric and mental health. Interprofessional “patient problems” focus familiarizes you with how to speak to patients.

See also

Other recommended site resources for this nursing care plan:

Other nursing care plans for pediatric conditions and diseases:

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Paul Martin, BSN, R.N.
Paul Martin is a registered nurse with a bachelor of science in nursing since 2007. Having worked as a medical-surgical nurse for five years, he handled different kinds of patients and learned how to provide individualized care to them. Now, his experiences working in the hospital is carried over to his writings to help aspiring students achieve their goals. He is currently working as a nursing instructor and have a particular interest in nursing management, emergency care, critical care, infection control, and public health. As a writer at Nurseslabs, his goal is to impart his clinical knowledge and skills to students and nurses helping them become the best version of themselves and ultimately make an impact in uplifting the nursing profession.

    • Thank you for your comment Meriga! I sure do hope you achieve your dream of becoming a nurse educator! Good luck, future clinical instructor! :)

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