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4 Hypospadias and Epispadias Nursing Care Plans

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By Paul Martin, BSN, R.N.
4 Hypospadias_Epispadias Nursing Care Plans
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Hypospadias and epispadias are congenital anomalies of the penis that result in the incomplete development of the anterior urethra. In hypospadias, the urethral opening is located along the underside of the penis, near the tip. In epispadias, the urethral opening is on the upper surface (dorsum) of the penis.

The incidence of this defect in the United States is approximately 3.2 in 1,000 live male births or about 1 in every 300 male children. The cause of this defect is unknown but is associated with genetics, low birth weights, and by race/ethnic background (more common in whites, Italians, and Jews). Chordee, an abnormal curvature of the penis, is usually linked with hypospadias. Other associated anomalies include undescended testes, an inguinal hernia, and Wilms tumor.

The goal of treatment of this anomaly is to reconstruct a straight penis with a meatus close to the normal anatomic location. Usually, the surgical repair is recommended to be done in the early year of life to prevent psychological trauma. Currently, the recommended age for urethroplasty (hypospadias/epispadias repair) is between 3 to 12 months of age and for orthoplasty (chordee repair) is during the first year of the child.

Nursing Care Plans

Major nursing care plan objectives for the child with hypospadias or epispadias include improving the child’s physical appearance, ensuring a positive body image, providing relief of pain and discomfort, decreasing parental anxiety, and absence of complications (bleeding, infection, catheter obstruction and sexual dysfunction).

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Here are four (4) nursing care plans (NCP) and nursing diagnosis (NDx) for hypospadias and epispadias:

  1. Acute Pain
  2. Impaired Urinary Elimination
  3. Anxiety
  4. Risk for Infection

1. Acute Pain

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Acute Pain

Nursing Diagnosis

May be related to

Possibly evidenced by

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  • Verbalization of pain
  • Crying
  • Irritability, restlessness
  • Distractive behavior
  • Changes in vital signs

Desired Outcomes

  • Child will experience decreased pain as evidenced by infrequent crying episodes and exhibit normal sleeping pattern.
Nursing InterventionsRationale
Assess location, characteristics, onset, duration, frequency, location, and severity of pain; Observe for verbal and nonverbal cues.Provides data about the description of pain which can be used as a guideline for analgesic therapy.
Maintain a position of comfort; Properly set the catheter to avoid tension and kinking.Promotes comfort and avoids pain due to pulling on or manipulating catheter.
Encourage use of relaxation techniques.Promotes rest and refocus attention thus decreases discomfort.
Apply ice compress as indicated.Relieves pain and decreases edema.
Administer analgesic (e.g., Tylenol) as ordered.Lessens pain and promotes rest which reduces stimuli and pain.
Educate parents that medications will prevent pain and restlessness and allow for healing.Provides information about the need for pain medications for child’s comfort.
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1. Acute Pain

Recommended Resources

Recommended nursing diagnosis and nursing care plan books and resources.

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See also

Other recommended site resources for this nursing care plan:

Other nursing care plans for pediatric conditions and diseases:

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Paul Martin, BSN, R.N.
Paul Martin is a registered nurse with a bachelor of science in nursing since 2007. Having worked as a medical-surgical nurse for five years, he handled different kinds of patients and learned how to provide individualized care to them. Now, his experiences working in the hospital is carried over to his writings to help aspiring students achieve their goals. He is currently working as a nursing instructor and have a particular interest in nursing management, emergency care, critical care, infection control, and public health. As a writer at Nurseslabs, his goal is to impart his clinical knowledge and skills to students and nurses helping them become the best version of themselves and ultimately make an impact in uplifting the nursing profession.
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