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Pneumonia is the inflammation of the lung caused by bacteria in which the air sacs become filled with inflammatory cells and the lung becomes solid. The symptoms include those of any infection (fever, malaise, headache, etc.,) together with cough and chest pain.

It is estimated that, worldwide, some 4 million children under five years of age, die each year from acute respiratory infection (ARI) with the most of these deaths caused by pneumonia in developing countries.

In 1989, when the program for Control Acute Respiratory Infections (CARI) of the Philippines was launched, the death toll from pneumonia among children under the age of five years was 25,000. The latest statistics (2006) disclosed that almost 60 out of 1000 children under five children suffer from pneumonia and five in every 11,000 die from the disease. The Department of Health believes that if health workers used a standard method of detecting and managing ARI’s specially pneumonia, infant deaths could be cut by half, saving 50,000 lives a year. Pneumonia can be categorized by type of infiltrate: lobar pneumonia and bronchopneumonia.

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1. Ineffective Airway Clearance

NDx: Ineffective airway clearance r/t accumulation of tracheobronchial secretions

Mucus is produced at all times by the membranes lining the air passages. When the membranes are irritated or inflamed, excess mucus is produced and it will retain in tracheobronchial tree. The inflammation and increased in secretions block the airways making it difficult for the person to maintain a patent airway. In order to expel excessive secretions, cough reflex will be stimulated. An increased in RR will also be expected as a compensatory mechanism of the body due to obstructed airways.

Navigation

1. Ineffective Airway Clearance
2. Impaired Gas Exchange
3. Hyperthermia
4. Disturbed Sleeping Pattern
5. Risk for Infection
6. Risk for Imbalanced Nutrition