Isoniazid (Niazid) Drug Study

Generic name: Isoniazid

Brand name: Niazid

General Action: Antituberculotic

This medication is used with other medications to treat active tuberculosis (TB) infections or alone to prevent those who have a positive TB test from developing symptoms of TB. Isoniazid belongs to a class of drugs known as antibiotics that are active against tuberculosis. Interferes with lipid and nucleic acid biosynthesis in actively growing tubercle bacilli.

Indications

Tuberculosis of all forms
Prophylaxis in specific patients who are tuberculin reactors (positive Mantoux test) or who are considered to be high risk for TB.

Contraindication

Isoniazid is contraindicated in patients who develop severe hypersensitivity reactions, including drug -induced hepatitis; previous isoniazid-associated hepatic injury; severe adverse reactions to isoniazid such as drug fever, chills, arthritis; and acute liver disease of any etiology.

Stock dose

Tablets: 100,300 mg; syrup 50mg/5ml; injection 100 mg/ml

Side effects

Peripheral neuropathy
Nausea and vomitting
Thrombocytopenia
Local irritation at IM site
Epigastric distress
Elevated AST

Nursing Responsibilities

History: allergy to the drug.
Can cause peripheral neuropathy which is manifested by tingling sensation on extremities. It can be prevented through use of supplemental vitamin B6 (pyridoxine).
Physical: skin color, lesions, T; orientation, reflexes, peripheral sensirivity, bilaterally grip strength ophthalmologic examination; R, adventitious sounds; liver evaluation; CBC;LFTs renal fxn tests, blood glucose.
Give in an empty stomach 1 hr before or 2 after meals; may be given with food if GI UPSET OCCURS.
Give in a single daily dose. Reverse parenteral dose for pt unable to take oral meds.
Dec. foods containing tyramine or histamine in pt diet.
Consult doctor and arrange for daily pyridoxine in diabetic, alcoholic or malnourished pt also for pt that develops peripheral neuritis, and those with HIV.
Family health teachings:
- Take this drug in single daily dose.
- Take drug on an empty stomach, 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. If GI distress occurs, may be taken with food.
- Take this drug regularly, avoid missing doses, do not discontinue without first consulting your health care provider.
- Do not drink alcohol or drink as little as possible. There is an inc. risk of heap if these two drugs are combined.
- Avoid foods containing tyramine, consult a dietitian to obtain a list of foods containing tyramine or histamine.
- Have periodic medical check-ups, including an eye examination and blood test, to evaluate the drug effects.
- Report for weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, n/v, yellowing of skin or eyes, darkening of the urine, numbness or tingling in hands or feet,